Lima is the vibrant and diverse capital of Peru, blending centuries of history with modern elegance. Known as the City of Kings, Lima stretches along the Pacific coast, offering colonial charm, pre-Columbian treasures, award-winning gastronomy, and oceanfront sunsets you’ll never forget.

According to the Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI), Lima receives over 2 million international visitors every year, making it the country’s main gateway and a destination in its own right.

This expert guide covers everything you need to know about Lima — from its rich history and top attractions to lesser-known gems, personal travel tips, and itineraries.

Quick Facts About Lima

Where is Peru Located?

Peru is in western South America, bordered by:

• North: Ecuador & Colombia
• East: Brazil
• Southeast: Bolivia
• South: Chile
• West: Pacific Ocean

The country is geographically diverse, divided into:

• Coast: Arid deserts and fertile valleys
• Andes Mountains: Snow-capped peaks, high-altitude cities
• Amazon Rainforest: One of the world’s most biodiverse ecosystems

A Short History of Lima

Historical Timeline

Before the Incas

Lima’s region was home to ancient cultures like:

• Caral-Supe (3000 BC) – Known for monumental pyramids and advanced urban planning
• Lima Culture (100 CE) – Built Huaca Pucllana in modern-day Miraflores
• Wari Empire (600 CE) – Skilled in stonework and textiles

The Inca Era

By the 15th century, Lima belonged to the Chinchaysuyu region of the Inca Empire. The Pachacamac Temple, 40 km from Lima, was a key pilgrimage site. The Qhapaq Ñan road system connected Lima with Cusco and other imperial cities.

Spanish Conquest & Colonial Era

Founded in 1535 by Francisco Pizarro, Lima became the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru in 1542. It was a center of administration, commerce, and religion for all of Spanish South America.

Republican & Modern Lima

Independence was declared in Lima on July 28, 1821, by General José de San Martín in Plaza de Armas. Today, Lima is a bustling metropolis, home to modern skyscrapers, historic landmarks, and a global culinary scene.

Best Districts to Stay in Lima

Top Tourist Attraction

My Personal Experience in Lima

When I visited Lima, I spent an afternoon at Parque del Amor in Miraflores. The ocean breeze, the sound of the waves, and the panoramic Pacific views were mesmerizing. I sat on a mosaic bench watching paragliders soar over the cliffs as the sun dipped below the horizon. That golden sunset will always be one of my favorite travel memories — a reminder that Lima is not just history, but also pure magic.

Curiosities of Lima

• Lima is one of the few capitals in the world built entirely in a desert, alongside Cairo and Riyadh.
• Locals rarely see real rainfall — instead, a coastal mist called garúa blankets the city during winter months.
• The nickname “City of Kings” is linked to its founding on January 6, the Day of the Three Wise Men.
• Lima’s coastline stretches for over 80 km, offering dramatic cliffside views over the Pacific Ocean.
• The El Beso sculpture in Parque del Amor was inspired by a real-life kiss between the artist Victor Delfín and his wife.

Mysteries of Lima

• The Catacombs of San Francisco – Beneath this monastery lie thousands of human remains arranged in eerie geometric patterns, a reminder of colonial-era burial practices.
• The Disappearance of the Inca Gold – Legend says vast treasures were hidden from the Spanish and remain undiscovered beneath the city.
• The Ancient Oracle of Pachacamac – Once considered one of the most powerful oracles in South America, its full rituals and purpose remain partly unknown.
• Unfinished Tunnels Beneath Lima – Some historians believe there are secret passages connecting colonial buildings, but their full extent has never been mapped.

Suggested Itineraries

Lima’s Gastronomy

Lima is considered the gastronomic capital of Latin America, home to restaurants like Central and Maido, ranked among the world’s best.

Must-try dishes:

• Ceviche – Fresh fish cured in lime juice
• Lomo Saltado – Stir-fried beef with Peruvian flavors
• Ají de Gallina – Creamy chicken dish

Annual Festivals

Travel Tips for 2025

• Safety: Stay in well-known districts like Miraflores, Barranco, San Isidro.
• Transport: Use apps like Uber or Cabify.
• Budget: $50–$150/day depending on activities.
• Best Season: December–April for sunny skies.

FAQs About Lima

Conclusion

Lima is not just a gateway to Machu Picchu — it’s a destination worth exploring. With Conde Travel Adventures, you can experience Lima’s rich history, stunning coastlines, and culinary wonders with expert local guides. Contact us today and start your Peruvian adventure.

About the author

Ruth Cusihuaman I am an SEO writer focused on Andean tourism and culture. Born in Raqchi, in the Sacred Valley, I grew up surrounded by Inca history. Today, I use storytelling to connect travellers with real and unforgettable experiences in Peru.